Palas Athena - Minerva
Athena often given the epithet Pallas is an ancient Greek goddess associated with wisdom, handicraft, and warfare who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva. Athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across Greece, particularly the city of Athens, from which she most likely received her name. She's usually shown in art wearing a helmet and holding a spear. Her major symbols include owls, olive trees, snakes, and the Gorgoneion.
From her origin as an Aegean palace goddess, Athena was closely associated with the city. She was known as Polias and Poliouchos (both derived from polis, meaning "city-state"), and her temples were usually located atop the fortified acropolis in the central part of the city. The Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis is dedicated to her, along with numerous other temples and monuments. As the patron of craft and weaving, Athena was known as Ergane. She's also a warrior goddess, and was believed to lead soldiers into battle as Athena Promachos. Her main festival in Athens was the Panathenaia, which was celebrated during the month of Hekatombaion in midsummer and was the most important festival on the Athenian calendar.
Palas Athena - Minerva Stamp Collection
Greece 1974 Attic black-figure amphora depicting the Birth of Athena 6th century BC . Athena is "born" from Zeus's forehead as a result of him having swallowed her mother Metis, as he grasps the clothing of Eileithyia on the right, Ares on the far right, Neptune on the left.
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The Amphora
Zeus came to lust after Metis, and chased her in his direct way. Metis tried to escape, going so far as to change her form many times; she changed into various creatures such as hawks, fish, and serpents. However, Zeus was both determined and equally proficient at changing form. He continued his pursuit until she relented. An oracle of Gaea then prophesied that Metis' first child would be a girl and that her second child would be a boy that would overthrow Zeus, similarly to what had happened to his father and grandfather. Zeus took this warning to heart. When he next saw Metis, he initially flattered her and put her at her ease. Then, with Metis' guards down, Zeus opened his mouth and swallowed her and her unborn child. This was the end of Metis, but also the beginning of Zeus' wisdom. After a time, Zeus developed an unbearable headache, which made him scream out of pain so loudly it could be heard throughout the earth. The other gods came to see what the problem was. Hermes realized what needed to be done and directed Hephaestus to take a wedge and split open Zeus's skull. Out of the skull sprang Athena, fully grown and in a full set of armour. Due to the way of her birth, she became the goddess of intelligence and wisdom.
Greece 1968 Relief of Athena being crowned from behind by a winged Nike slaying the Gigante Alkyoneus from the Gigantomachy Frieze on the Pergamon Altar (early second century BC) .
Athena, the city goddess of Pergamon, breaks the Giant Alkyoneus’ contact to the earth, from which the mother of the Giants, Gaia, emerges. According to legend, Alkyoneus was immortal only as long as he touched the ground, where the power of his mother could flow through him.
Greece 1969 25 years to liberation .
This Structure was titled Athena Promachos. This bronze statue is lost. Destroyed many years ago, however it was seen in the late 5th century CE. it was created by Pheidias .
This marble statue of Athena Promachos ("Athena who fights in the front line") was found at the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum.
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Greece 1968 Bronze Statue Of Athena With Crest, Detail, Head. 2nd c. bc.
Greece 1953 Land productions of greece.
Pallas Athena with Olive tree branch and Olive oil in canisters
Greece 1937 100 years to the university of Athens. Athena is a natural patron of universities
Greece 1987 150 years to the university of Athens. It is traditional at exam time for students to leave offerings to the goddess with a note asking for good luck
Paraguay 1996 100 years to the olympic Games Athens 1896 . An amphora with Athena in full armor between two Doric columns surmounted by roosters
Greece 1896 Olympic Games Athens 1896
An amphora with Athena in full armor between two Doric columns surmounted by roosters
Greece 1996 100 years to the olympic Games Athens 1896 . An amphora with Athena in full armor between two Doric columns surmounted by roosters
Greece 1947 Military campaign in Italy - liberation .Athena was believed to lead soldiers into battle
Greece 1935 Athena with Pegasus . According to Pindar's Thirteenth Olympian Ode, Athena helped the hero Bellerophon tame the winged horse Pegasus by giving him a bit.
Mexico 2004 Games of the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens 2004 . Armed Athena
Brazil 1983 20th Anniversary Engineering Education
computer punched tape. Since the Renaissance, Athena has become an international symbol of wisdom, the arts, and classical learning
The Athena Fountain (Pallas-Athene-Brunnen) in front of the Parliament in Vienna Austria was erected between 1893 and 1902 by Carl Kundmann, Josef Tautenhayn and Hugo Haerdtl, based on plans by Baron von Hansen. In the middle is a water basin and a richly decorated base. The four figures lying at the foot of Athena are allegorical representations of the four most important rivers of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They represent at the front the Danube and Inn, in the back the Elbe and Vltava rivers. On the sides little cupids ride dolphins. The statues of the Danube, Inn, and the cupids were executed by Haerdtl, those of the Elbe and Moldau by Kundmann. The female statues above represent the legislative and executive powers of the state and were executed by Tautenhayn. They are again dominated by the Goddess of Wisdom, Athena, standing on a pillar. Athena is dressed in armour with a gilded helmet, her left hand carries a spear, her right carries Nike.
Austria 1964
Austria 2015
Austria 2018
Austria 1989
Austria 1993
Austria 1969
Italy 1947 Minerva is the Roman goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy
Nederland 1936 300 years University Utrecht Minerva the Roman goddess
Greece 1984 150 to the capital of Greece - Athens
4 dr silver coin with Athena from the 5 century BC
Greece 1959 A coin from Athens , the head of Athena on the left side and an owl on the right side from the 5th century BC.
As the Patron goddess of Athens, it is only natural to expect to see her head on the ancient coins of the city. Athena's head featured on the obverse while the reverse displayed her symbol, the owl accompanied by the initials "ATH" and the olive branch. Athena Glaucopis, the goddess with the intense gaze and the azure piercing eyes, rightfully deserved the owl - the bird with the glowing eyes - as her symbol
Cyprus 1972 A stater ,silver coin from the kigdom of Lapithos - 388-387 BC. Armed Athena.
Greece 1971 150th Aniversary of Independence War , 1821 Revolution - 1st National Assembly Memorial, Epidavros. and a seal of provisonal goverment with Pallas Athena.
Romania 1966 100 years to Romanian academy, a comemmorative medal with Pallas Athena
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Cyprus 2015 Athena with the chariot (400 BC) Museum of Stockholm.
czechoslovakia 1970 Athena and Hermes in a cieling painting of Bartholomy Spranger (1546-1611) neaderland painter
Cyprus 1971 Athena was sometimes given the epithet Hippia ( "of the horses", "equestrian"), referring to her invention of the bit, bridle, chariot, and wagon.
Syria 1958 minerva from basalt roman statue
3rd century AD, In a syrian museun in Damascus
Lebanon 1949 UNESCO Conference at Beirut Minerva with symbols of law.
Greece 1986 Athena with her symbols - full armour a helmet and a spear , an Aegis - a goat skin cloak fringed with snakes bearing the Gorgon head , and holds an owl.
GREECE 2017 Athena on a lekythos , attic vasepainting 440 BC
czechoslovakia 1981 Athena on a Czechoslovak Academy medallion, engraved by Otakar Spaniel (1881-1955)
Russia 2007 250 years to russian academy ,
Minerva on the dome of the building
Belgium 1946 Bovesse, François (1890-1944) in favor of the erection of the house of the educational art in Namur, Belgium.
Uruguay 2005 Athena sculpture next to Atheneum Theatre of Montevideo, 137th Anniv.
Romania 2016 150 years to Romanian academy, a statue of Minerva - The Block
DDR 1983 Athena from the library of Pergamon, a marmor statue 2nd century BC (Athena Parthenos)
PARAGUAY 2013 Athena's figure. 130th Anniversary of Paraguayan Athenaeum
Romania 2016 150 years to Romanian academy, In the medalion a statue of Minerva - The Stamp
Mozambiqe 2008 100th Anniversary Minerva Central Library
The story of Erichtonius
According to the Bibliotheca, Athena visited the smith-god Hephaestus to request some weapons, but Hephaestus was so overcome by desire that he tried to seduce her in his workshop. Determined to maintain her virginity, Athena fled, pursued by Hephaestus. He caught Athena and tried to rape her, but she fought him off. During the struggle, his semen fell on her thigh, and Athena, in disgust, wiped it away with a scrap of wool and flung it to the earth . As she fled, Erichthonius was born from the semen that fell to the earth. Athena, wishing to raise the child in secret, placed him in a small box. And then made sure no one would ever find out by giving him away.
Greece 1972 Gaia gives Erichtonius to Athena
Greece 1933 Pallas Athena as the symbol of the republic
GREECE 2003 Athena, (only the face) relief of the Parthenon frieze, The Acropolis of Athens, Greece. 5th Century BC. Athens.
Greece 1995 The departure to Kolchis of the ship "Argo" . According to a variety of sources of the legend, Argo was said to have been planned or constructed with the help of Athena.
Mongolia 2001 The Panathenaic festival was formed in order to honor the goddess Athena who had become the patron of Athens
Paraguay 1978 Education of the Princess (1622–1625) by Rubens shows a maturing Marie de' Medici at study. Her education is given a divine grace by the presence of three gods Apollo, Athena, and Hermes. Apollo being associated with art, Athena with wisdom, and Hermes the messenger god for a fluency and understanding of language. Also present are the three graces, Euphrosyne, Aglaea, and Thalia giving her beauty.
Antigua Barbuda 1993 Education of the Princess Marie de' Medici (1622–1625) by Rubens
Manama 1972 Education of the Princess Marie de' Medici (1622–1625) by Rubens (only 3 graces)
Paraguay 1989 Education of the Princess Marie de' Medici (1622–1625) by Rubens - A Block
The clear painting
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At the temple
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Greece 1970 Hercules Deeds - Hercules and the golden apples of Hesperide . Atlas to the right and Athena to the left. Atlas bringing the golden apples to Heracles, who is temporarily holding up the sky, from the Temple to Zeus at Olympia, built between 472 BC and 456 BC. (The story appears in the page of Heracles)
At whole painting
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Equatorial Guinea Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Peace and War (1629). Minerva protects Pax from Mars
This picture was made for King Charles I of England and given to him by Rubens, who was acting as an envoy of Philip IV of Spain, in 1630. The two countries had been at war for five years and both sides were keen for a peace deal. The painting is an allegory, the figures representing different virtues and other abstract concepts, and there is a clear moral narrative.
Among the key figures, the woman in the centre represents both Pax (Peace) and Ceres, goddess of the earth, and she is sharing her bounty with a group of children in the foreground. These represent future generations, but are also portraits of the children of Sir Balthasar Gerbier, Rubens’s host. Just behind Pax, Minerva, goddess of wisdom, is protecting the group from Mars, god of war. The overall message is clear: rejecting war and embracing peace will bring prosperity and plenty. Rubens’s mission bore fruit: a peace treaty between England and Spain was signed in November 1630.
St. lucia 1977 issued for 400th Anniversary of the birth of Peter Paul Rubens, (1577-1640) Peace and War (1629). Minerva protects Pax from Mars - Detail.
Armenia 2006 Pallas Athene is a c. 1655 oil on canvas painting by Rembrandt
Paraguay 1981 Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) Peace and War (1629). Minerva protects Pax from Mars - Detail.
Korea north 1981 Pallas Athene of Rembrandt . now in the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum in Lisbon.
The story of Arachne and Minerva
Arachne (whose name means spider in ancient Greek) was the daughter of a famous dyer in Tyrian purple in Hypaipa of Lydia, and a weaving student of Athena. She became so conceited of her skill as a weaver that she began claiming that her skill was greater than that of Athena herself. Athena gave Arachne a chance to redeem herself by assuming the form of an old woman and warning Arachne not to offend the deities. Arachne scoffed and wished for a weaving contest, so she could prove her skill.
Athena wove the scene of her victory over Poseidon in the contest for the patronage of Athens. Athena's tapestry also depicted the 12 Olympian gods and defeat of mythological figures who challenged their authority. Arachne's tapestry featured twenty-one episodes of the deities' infidelity, including Zeus being unfaithful with Leda, with Europa, and with Danaë. It represented the unjust and discrediting behavior of the gods towards mortals. Athena admitted that Arachne's work was flawless, but was outraged at Arachne's offensive choice of subject, which displayed the failings and transgressions of the deities. Finally, losing her temper, Athena destroyed Arachne's tapestry and loom, striking it with her shuttle. Athena then struck Arachne across the face with her staff four times. Arachne hanged herself in despair, but Athena took pity on her and brought her back from the dead in the form of a spider.
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Bhutan 1991 Arachne punished by Minerva, by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), 350th anniversary of the death of Rubens.
Spain 1959 Diego Velazquez (1599 – 1660), painted the spinners working in a hall decorated with a painting of Arachne punished by Minerva .(Without the wall painting)
Spain 1939 Diego Velazquez (1599 – 1660), painted the spinners working in a hall decorated with a painting of Arachne punished by Minerva . A charity item in aid of orphans of the post office.
Paraguay 1973 Paulo Veronese (1588) Arachne
Pallas and the Centaur is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli, c. 1482. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. There is a centaur on the left, and a female figure holding a very elaborate halberd on the right. She is clutching the centaur's hair, and he seems submissive to her. The female figure was called Camilla in the earliest record of the painting, an inventory of 1499, but then in an inventory of 1516 she is called Minerva, the Roman equivalent of Pallas Athene, which remains her usual identification in recent times. The fine cloth of Pallas' clinging dress is decorated with the three ring insignia of the Medici family, confirming that the painting was made for the Medici family. She wears laurel branches, entwined around her arms and chest as a crown; these were often a punning allusion to Lorenzo de' Medici. On her back is a shield and she wears leather sandals on her feet. The halberd, especially in such large and elaborate form, was a weapon carried by guards rather than on the battlefield, and the centaur has apparently been arrested while preparing to shoot his bow.
Micronezia 2010 Pallas Athena with the centauer by Botticelli
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U.S.A 1879 Armed Minerva as a symbol in the newspaper stamps
Kathiri state of Hadhramaut 1967 Pallas Athena with the centauer by Botticelli
Burkino Faso 1985 Pallas Athena with the centauer by Botticelli - Detail
Guatemala 1902 The Tempel of Minerva used to be a monument in Guatemala City, used mainly for agricultral exhibition during the August Fair.
Togo 2019 Armed Minerva with world heritage sites of Unesco